Executive Summary The evidence supports a focused conclusion: post-quantum cryptography transition should be managed as a cryptographic operating-model change, not as a one-time algorithm replacement. NIST has finalized ML-KEM, ML-DSA, and SLH-DSA standards, while additional signature work and application-specific guidance continue to evolve. Organizations therefore need to know where public-key cryptography is used, distinguish key-establishment from signature and trust functions, prioritize long-lived risk and hard dependencies, validate interoperability, and retain the ability to change cryptography again. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. This report synthesizes NIST standards…

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