Executive Summary The central security problem for AI agents is no longer only whether the organization can identify the software actor. It is whether the organization can decide, at the right moment, what that actor is allowed to do. The NCCoE's current Software and AI Agent Identity and Authorization project explicitly frames the problem around identifying, managing, and authorizing agent access and actions. [1] Microsoft's Agent ID documentation likewise separates agent identity management from authentication and authorization. [2] CyberTech Intelligence finds that a defensible enterprise model requires both: attributable agent identity and a separate authorization sys…

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